The Heroic Greeks of Chicago during the Balkan Wars of 1912-13
THE HEROIC GREEKS OF CHICAGO
DURING THE BALKAN WARS OF 1912-13
By Stavros T. Stavridis
Published in The National Herald, April 1, 2017
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I am excited to announce that The National Herald has given Hellenic Genealogy Geek the right to reprint articles that may be of interest to our group.
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Greek-Americans showed
their patriotism to fight for their
homeland against the Ottoman
Empire during the Balkan Wars
1912-13. They would have followed
the events of the Balkans
through the pages of GreekAmerican
newspapers press such
as Athena, Loxias and the Greek
Star published in Chicago which
reported on the war clouds gathering
in a region described as
“the powder keg of Europe.” Educated
Greeks who spoke English
probably kept up-to-date on
Balkan affairs through the pages
of both American and GreekAmerican
newspapers. This article
will not discuss the actual
Balkan conflict but will focus on
a small number of US newspapers
reporting of how ordinary
Greeks living in Chicago and Indiana
mobilized into action to
the Balkan crisis.
The Chicago Examiner
(1902-1918) belonged to
William Randolph Hearst newspapers
which was a morning
publication to compliment the
evening Chicago American. As a
newspaper it supported the
Balkan states against Ottoman
Empire and the actions of the
Chicago Greeks.
On October 4, 1912 the Examiner
reported that two Greek
residents George Petropoulos
and John Agriostathis were engaged
in drilling Greek American
cadets in a hall located at Polk
Street and Blue Island Avenue.
The article identifies the two
Greeks as “former members of
the Greek army” who more than
likely were ex-officers preparing
their countrymen for the forthcoming
conflict. It should be
noted the Greek government
along with her allied partners:
Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro
mobilized their armed forces
due to provocations by the Ottoman
army along the southern
Serbian and Bulgarian frontiers.
With the continuing deteriorating
political situation in the
Balkans, some 6,000 Greeks
packed Hull House to hear to call
to arms by the Greek Consul in
Chicago, Nicholas Salopoulos.
“When the Greek Military Company,
headed by John
Agriostathis brought forward the
flag of Greece, there was pandemonium,”
reported the Examiner.
The Greek national flag was
an important symbol which
could be used to rally some
3,000 Chicago Greeks needed for
the Greek Army.
Salopoulos was the first
Greek Consul in Chicago (1898-
1918) who served in the medical
corps during the Greco-Turkish
War 1897 and whose name was
also listed under physicians and
surgeons in the Greek-American
Guide and Business Directory
1911. He was one of the owners
of the weekly Saloniki and later
The Greek Press and president
of the Greek Educational Association
established in 1908 which
gave him a high profile in the
Greek community of Chicago.
In addressing the large gathering,
Salopoulos stated that “the
present move would never subside
until the cross of Greece
once more waved over the
Cathedral of St. Sofia in Constantinople,
and the ancient supremacy
of the Byzantine Empire
is once more restored.” The emotive
language used by the consul
added a religious element to the
forthcoming conflict which offered
an opportunity to drive the
Ottoman Turk out of Constantinople
and to reclaim this historic
city for Greece. Modern
Greece could consider herself to
be the rightful heir of the defunct
Byzantine Empire.
After that meeting, the Greek
consul issued a proclamation
published in the Examiner on
October 6, 1912 in both English
and Greek, appealing to the patriotism
of his compatriots in
Chicago. It stated:
“Greece our mother country,
is at this moment mobilizing her
sons to fight the hated barbarian
oppressor and all the reserves of
the army are urged to hurry
home and take up their arms.
Five thousand of our countrymen
Friday night met and made their
arrangements for going home.
“Three thousand of them will
start to-morrow and thousands
of others, sworn to the sacred
flag and symbolizing the immortal
Greek courage will go as soon
as the executive committee is
able to arrange transportation.
“They have sworn to go back,
win more wreaths of laurel, as
the heroes of old, and in so doing
write another golden page in our
motherland’s glorious history.
“The situation is a critical one
and my trust is that every able
man will make his earliest preparation
to report for duty.
The proclamation contains
such terms as “immortal Greek
courage,” “wreaths of laurel,”
“heroes of old,” and “write another
golden page in our motherland’s
glorious history,” which
were intended to appeal to the
patriotism of Greeks to do their duty for their nation against the
“hated barbarian oppressor.”
Many Chicago Greeks went to
the Consulate to enlist while others
contributed money to help
defray transportation costs. It appears
that the Examiner may
have been supportive of the
Greece and its allies in the forthcoming
conflict.
As many Greeks were preparing
for their return to Greece,
the Examiner reported that “considerable
ill feeling [had] arisen
among educated Greeks over an
editorial in a morning paper urging
the American public to ‘mind
its own business’ in regard to the
Balkan unrest.” The Examiner
did not identify the morning
newspaper in question, but the
editor of the Greek Star, Peter S.
Lambros was quoted that the article
was “unworthy of any
American.” He commented that
the unnamed newspaper used
the slogan “Be Just and Fear
Not,” whose opinion seemed
contradictory that on one hand
it sympathized with the “eight
million Greeks [who were] sighing
under the Turkish yoke” and
“yet this paper cries ‘hands off.’”
It could be argued that the editorial
reflected the American attitude
of the time in keeping out
of the problems of Europe.
On October 10, Woodrow
Wilson stopped off in Chicago as
part of his presidential campaign,
receiving a rousing reception by
huge crowds who thronged the
streets of the city to see him.
Many Chicago Greeks wanted to
speak the Democratic nominee
about the Balkan crisis. After his
address earlier that evening,
some 50 Greeks who were ready
to leave for the Balkans wanted
an interview with Wilson so that
he might give them his blessing.
Wilson sent a message to them
“they would go and fight for
their native land and all return
to this country after the war to
become good American citizens.”
He may have been thinking that
after fulfilling their military duty
to their old homeland, they
would return to seek American
citizenship. Wilson may have had
his eye on the 1916 presidential
election, where the naturalized
Greeks might vote for him and
the Democratic Party. It also be
argued that Wilson could have
supported the Greeks, Bulgarians,
and Serbians against the Ottoman
Turks in the Balkans conflict.
The Balkan allies were
achieving military successes over
the Turks in their respective theatres
of war. William Georgopoulos,
president of the Greek community,
and some 2000 Greeks
“marched to Second Regiment
Armory where they held a mass
meeting to celebrate victories
over the Turks.”
“When the star spangled banner
was played by the Greek
band and American flag was unfurled
the audience cheered
wildly for 15 minutes,” the Examiner
reported. This action
showed some loyalty and respect
for their adopted homeland despite
casting their eyes across the
Atlantic.
The Greeks of Chicago responded
quickly to the call of the
patrida in the impending Balkan
war. Many of the Greek returnees
may have served in the
Greek Army before migrating to
the United States.
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